Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies

Living with Leopard-Utopia or reality! Study on perception of local people towards coexistence with Leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) in and around the vicinity of the urban areas of Central India

2025-03-26T02:05:02+00:00

Study on people’s perception towards human & leopard coexistence in urban landscape was conducted from April 2022 to March 2023 at Jabalpur and Indore, Madhya Pradesh. In total, 73 villages and 2,827 households were surveyed in the urban areas of Jabalpur, whereas 48 villages and 2,255 households were surveyed in the urban areas of Indore through a standard structured questionnaire. The present study revealed a higher frequency of reported leopard encounters in Indore as compared to Jabalpur. Despite similar concerns in both study areas about the threats posed by leopards and the need for conservation, significant differences were found in respondents’ willingness to learn about leopards and to coexist with them. Respondents in both Jabalpur and Indore predominantly attributed leopard presence to deforestation and forest land diversion. Despite their fear of living with large carnivores, a majority of participants indicated that they would not harm a leopard if encountered. Respondents from Indore reported higher satisfaction with the forest department's conservation efforts, possibly due to quicker compensation payments as compared to Jabalpur and also because they have exhibits (zoological park) of leopards and other wildlife for common people. During the survey, lack of awareness about conservation of leopard was observed in the periphery of urban landscape. Hence, running conservation awareness programmes with the help of NGOs and civil societies on human-leopard coexistence in both of these study areas may greatly help reduce hatred towards leopard in and around urban areas.

Performance test for COD determination in wastewater using a closed reflux method with a COD reactor

2025-04-10T04:21:04+00:00

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is one of the test parameters to determine the water quality index. In environmental monitoring, valid test results of wastewater parameters are very important as a basis for making environmental policies. In this study, the determination of COD in wastewater refers to SNI 6989.73:2019 Determination of COD by Closed Reflux Titrimetric Method. The performance test of the COD determination method in wastewater samples was conducted on the parameters of precision, accuracy, and uncertainty estimation calculation of the bottom-up method, which was then compared to the acceptance criteria set by the laboratory. The performance test results for COD determination using the closed reflux method by titrimetry yielded a precision value with a percentage RSD of 3.33%; the accuracy test using the spiking technique was within the recovery range of 87-94%, and a relative uncertainty value of 7.23% at a COD concentration of 43.16 mg/L. All performance parameters of the method met the established acceptance criteria. COD determination using the closed reflux method in wastewater can be used for routine analysis.

The development strategy of durian fruit-based ecotourism: A case study of Rancamaya Village in Bogor, Indonesia

2025-04-10T03:36:36+00:00

Legok Petir place in Rancamaya Village, South Bogor District, has a strategic role in efforts to improve the surrounding community's welfare sustainably. With a long history of durian fruit, Rancamaya has the nickname of "Rancamaya Durian Village". The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of ecotourism development and find strategies that can be carried out related to how to develop it. The analysis method used the guidelines of the Operation Area Object and Object of Natural Tourism Attractions (Analisis Daerah Operasi Objek dan Daya Tarik Wisata Alam / ADO-ODTWA) of the Director General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation-2003, Community-Based Ecotourism Enterprise (CBEE) to produce aspects that have a high feasibility category, as well as SWOT analysis to determine the effective strategy to maximize the existing potential and prepare to face challenges. The aspects analyzed are 1) tourist attractions, 2) conditions around the area, 2) management and services, 4) accessibility, and 5) facilities and infrastructure. The results of the study show that the Rancamaya area has feasibility as a tourist area of Durian Village with a tourist attraction scoring of 81.0%, the condition around the area of 66.7%, management and service of 65.5%, accessibility of 90 % and facilities and infrastructure of 61.1%. Meanwhile, the development strategy of the Rancamaya tourist area is influenced by policies, institutions, coaching, and socialization.

Design and development of a problem-based learning (PBL) e-module in environmental education for enhancing pro-environmental behaviour

2025-08-10T03:25:05+00:00

This study aimed to develop an environmental education e-module based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach to foster pro-environmental behaviour among elementary school students. The research employed the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model, encompassing five sequential stages. The findings indicate that the PBL-based e-module on environmental change effectively enhanced pro-environmental behaviour in Grade V students. Pre-test and post-test analysis yielded an average N-gain score of 0.69 (medium category) and a percentage gain of 68.98% (quite effective category). Furthermore, assessment of pro-environmental behaviour indicators showed high achievement criteria. These results suggest that the developed e-module is both suitable for classroom use and effective in promoting pro-environmental behaviour.

Ecological potential of jalawure (Tacca leontopetaloides Kuntz) as an alternative food: relationships between plant height and elevational distribution in coastal Garut, West Java

2025-08-12T16:48:41+00:00

Jalawure (Tacca leontopetaloides Kuntz) is a starch-rich tuberous plant endemic to coastal ecosystems of West Java. This study investigated its growth potential as an alternative food source, analyzing plant height and spatial distribution relative to elevation in Garut Regency’s southern coast. Nine observation plots (10 m × 25 m) were established perpendicular to the shoreline across three districts. For each plot, plant height, elevation, distance to shoreline, soil properties, and plant density were measured. Statistical analysis (Kruskal–Wallis, Duncan test, and linear regression) revealed significant variation in plant height across habitats (p = 0.017), with optimal growth at moderate elevations (15–20 m asl) and semi-shaded plots. Population densities varied from 440 to 1,400 individuals per hectare, indicating substantial carbohydrate reserves. Elevation gradient accounted for ~30% of height variation. These findings highlight jalawure’s potential role in community food resilience and climate adaptation, particularly in drought-prone coastal zones. Promoting jalawure cultivation under agroforestry or coastal restoration frameworks may strengthen local food security.

Implementation of the 3R Waste Disposal (TPS-3R) program in Tanah Sareal District, Bogor City

2025-08-17T04:59:43+00:00

Rapid population growth has generated significant environmental challenges, particularly in waste management, which remains a national strategic issue in Indonesia. Waste management is regulated under Law No. 18 of 2008 on Waste Management and strengthened through Presidential Regulation No. 97 of 2017, which outlines the National Policy and Strategy for Household Waste and Similar Waste Management. One approach to reducing household waste is the TPS-3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) program, which emphasizes minimizing waste volumes and improving waste characteristics prior to disposal at final landfill sites (TPA). This study aims to evaluate the performance of the TPS-3R program in Bogor City in terms of its effectiveness in reducing household waste. The evaluation applied the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, and Product). The findings show that the Context aspect is strong, as the program aligns with national regulations, has a clear legal foundation, and meets the objective of reducing waste at its source through community participation. The Input aspect is adequate but requires improvement: TPS-3R facilities generally meet basic standards; however, human resources are still limited, with managerial and technical roles often carried out concurrently, and maintenance funding remains insufficient. The Process aspect is also rated adequate: available facilities are only utilized at 50–70%, while training and capacity building for TPS-3R managers are conducted more than three times annually. Funding primarily relies on community contributions, government allocations, and revenues from recyclable products. The Product aspect shows partial success: TPS-3R facilities contribute to waste reduction and generate by-products that provide supplementary income, yet overall waste reduction targets outlined in the Regional Waste Management Strategy (Jakstrada) have not been fully met. In conclusion, optimizing both input and process components is crucial to enhance TPS-3R performance and achieve the national target of reducing waste by 30% by 2025.

Enhancing hydroponic vegetable productivity using environmentally friendly cow biourine fertilizer technology as nutrient solution

2025-08-19T15:38:06+00:00

The increasing scarcity of arable land and agricultural inputs has encouraged the adoption of innovative cultivation systems such as hydroponics, with vegetables being among the most suitable commodities. Hydroponic cultivation commonly relies on AB Mix as the primary nutrient source; however, the availability of livestock resources, particularly cow urine, presents an opportunity to develop biourine as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fertilizers. This study employed a quantitative experimental approach using a Complete Randomized Factorial Design to examine the effects of different combinations of AB Mix and cow biourine on the growth and productivity of hydroponic vegetables. Treatments consisted of varying concentration ratios of AB Mix and biourine, with evaluation focused on vegetative parameters including plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, and post-harvest yield. Results demonstrated that spinach (Amaranthus sp.) and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) exhibited optimal growth under treatments dominated by AB Mix, particularly at the P4 ratio (75% AB Mix + 25% biourine), which significantly improved vegetative growth and yield compared to other treatments. Conversely, bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) responded more favorably to biourine-dominated treatments, with the P5 ratio (25% AB Mix + 75% biourine) producing the best performance across measured parameters. These findings indicate that biourine can partially substitute for AB Mix in hydroponic systems, with crop-specific responses determining the optimal formulation. The study highlights the potential of livestock-derived biourine as an eco-friendly fertilizer alternative, reducing reliance on synthetic inputs and supporting sustainable hydroponic vegetable production.

Empowering the Planet: The 2025 Earth Day Resolution

2025-04-27T04:55:22+00:00

Earth is the only known planet that supports life, including humanity. Despite seeing ourselves as the most intelligent species in our world, human activities are accelerating the Earth toward irreversible environmental degradation. The consumption of fossil fuels to satisfy our growing demands has led to unprecedented greenhouse gas emissions, pushing the planet toward a potential sixth mass extinction. The rapid rise in carbon dioxide and global temperatures threatens the survival of numerous species, including humanity. Without urgent, collective action to reduce emissions and implement adaptation and mitigation strategies, Earth's ecosystems face catastrophic disruption. Every year on April 22, over one billion people celebrate Earth Day to raise awareness and renew our commitment to protecting our planet. In 2025, under the theme "Our Power, Our Planet," we are reminded of our collective ability to drive transformative change. The coming decades will test human wisdom and willpower. Immediate and sustained action is essential to transition to clean energy, protect biodiversity, and ensure a sustainable future for all.